Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a nontoxic, renewable and abundant one‐carbon (C1) source, while C–H bond functionalization represents one of the most important approaches to the construction of carbon–carbon bonds and carbon–heteroatom bonds in an atom‐ and step‐economical manner. Merging the chemical transformation of CO2 with C–H bond functionalization is of great importance in the synthesis of carboxylic acids and their derivatives. The contents of this review are organized according to the type of C–H bond involved in carboxylation. The primary types of C–H bonds are as follows: C(sp)–H bonds of terminal alkynes, C(sp2)–H bonds of (hetero)arenes, vinylic C(sp2)–H bonds, the diazo group ipso‐C(sp2)−H bonds, aldehyde C(sp2)−H bonds, α‐C(sp3)–H bonds of carbonyl group, γ‐C(sp3)–H bonds of carbonyl group, C(sp3)–H bonds adjacent to nitrogen or oxygen atoms, C(sp3)–H bonds of o‐alkylphenyl ketones, allylic C(sp3)–H bonds, C(sp3)–H bonds of methane, and C(sp3)–H bonds of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons. In addition, multicomponent reactions, tandem reactions and key theoretical studies related to the carboxylation of C–H bonds are briefly summarized. Transition‐metal‐free, organocatalytic, electrochemical and light‐driven methods are highlighted.

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